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Whitey Bulger
American crime boss
September 3, 1929 - October 30, 2018
Whitey Bulger was an American crime boss who, as head of the Boston-area Winter Hill Gang, was a leading figure in organized crime from the late 1960s to the mid-1990s. For more than a decade, until his...
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Oliver Cromwell
English statesman
April 25, 1599 - September 3, 1658
Oliver Cromwell was an English soldier and statesman, who led parliamentary forces in the English Civil Wars and was lord protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1653–58) during the republican Commonwealth....
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Vince Lombardi
American football coach
June 11, 1913 - September 3, 1970
Vince Lombardi was an American professional football coach who became a national symbol of single-minded determination to win. In nine seasons (1959–67) as head coach of the previously moribund Green Bay...
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Malcolm Gladwell
Canadian journalist and writer
September 3, 1963 -
Malcolm Gladwell is a Canadian journalist and writer best known for his unique perspective on popular culture. He adeptly treads the boundary between popularizer and intellectual. Gladwell’s family moved...
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Frank Capra
American film director
May 18, 1897 - September 3, 1991
Frank Capra was an American motion-picture director who was the most prominent filmmaker of the 1930s, during which he won three Academy Awards as best director. His most-beloved films, many of which were...
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Alan Ladd
American actor
September 3, 1913 - January 29, 1964
Alan Ladd was an American motion picture actor most noted for roles in which he portrayed detectives, cowboys, and war heroes. As a child, Ladd was nicknamed “Tiny” because of his diminutive, frail appearance....
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William Rehnquist
chief justice of United States
October 1, 1924 - September 3, 2005
William Rehnquist was the 16th chief justice of the United States, appointed to the Supreme Court in 1971 and elevated to chief justice in 1986. Rehnquist served in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World...
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E.E. Cummings
American poet
October 14, 1894 - September 3, 1962
E.E. Cummings was an American poet and painter who first attracted attention, in an age of literary experimentation, for his unconventional punctuation and phrasing. Cummings’s name is often styled “e.e....
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Ferdinand Porsche
Austrian engineer
September 3, 1875 - January 30, 1951
Ferdinand Porsche was an Austrian automotive engineer who designed the popular Volkswagen car. Porsche became general director of the Austro-Daimler Company in 1916 and moved to the Daimler Company in...
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Sun Myung Moon
Korean religious leader
January 6, 1920 - September 3, 2012
Sun Myung Moon was a South Korean religious leader who in 1954 founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity, better known as the Unification Church. In his book The Divine...
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Mario Draghi
prime minister of Italy
September 3, 1947 -
Mario Draghi is an Italian economist who served from 2011 to 2019 as president of the European Central Bank (ECB), the financial institution responsible for making monetary decisions within the eurozone,...
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Diane De Poitiers
French noble
September 3, 1499 - April 22, 1566
Diane De Poitiers was the mistress of Henry II of France. Throughout his reign she held court as queen of France in all but name, while the real queen, Catherine de Médicis, was forced to live in comparative...
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Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali
president of Tunisia
September 3, 1936 - September 19, 2019
Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali was an army officer and politician who served as president of Tunisia (1987–2011). Ben Ali was trained in France at the military academy of Saint-Cyr and at the artillery school...
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Shaun White
American snowboarder
September 3, 1986 -
Shaun White is an American snowboarder who won Olympic gold medals in the half-pipe event in 2006, 2010, and 2018. (Read Gold-medalist Torah Bright’s Britannica’s entry on snowboarding.) White survived...
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Louis Sullivan
American architect
September 3, 1856 - April 14, 1924
Louis Sullivan was an American architect, regarded as the spiritual father of modern American architecture and identified with the aesthetics of early skyscraper design. His more than 100 works in collaboration...
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Ivan Turgenev
Russian author
November 9, 1818 - September 3, 1883
Ivan Turgenev was a Russian novelist, poet, and playwright whose major works include the short-story collection A Sportsman’s Sketches (1852) and the novels Rudin (1856), Home of the Gentry (1859), On...
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Steve Fossett
American aviator
April 22, 1944 - September 3, 2007?
Steve Fossett was an American businessman and adventurer who set a number of world records, most notably in aviation and sailing. In 2002, he became the first balloonist to circumnavigate the world alone,...
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Pauline Kael
American film critic
June 19, 1919 - September 3, 2001
Pauline Kael was a prominent American film critic of the second half of the 20th century. Kael graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1940. For a number of years she made a precarious...
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Caryl Churchill
British playwright
September 3, 1938 -
Caryl Churchill is a British playwright whose work frequently deals with feminist issues, abuses of power, and sexual politics. When Churchill was 10 years old, she emigrated with her family to Canada....
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Ellery Queen
American author
October 20, 1905 - September 3, 1982
Ellery Queen was an American cousin duo who were coauthors of a series of more than 35 detective novels featuring a character named Ellery Queen. Dannay and Lee first collaborated on an impulsive entry...
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Sir Edward co*ke
English jurist
February 1, 1552 - September 3, 1634
Sir Edward co*ke was a British jurist and politician whose defense of the supremacy of the common law against Stuart claims of royal prerogative had a profound influence on the development of English law...
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Urho Kaleva Kekkonen
president of Finland
September 3, 1900 - August 31, 1986
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen was a Finnish prime minister (1950–53, 1954–56) and president (1956–81), noted for his Soviet-oriented neutrality. A northern lumberman’s son, Kekkonen studied at the University of...
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Adolphe Thiers
French statesman and historian
April 18, 1797 - September 3, 1877
Adolphe Thiers was a French statesman, journalist, and historian, a founder and the first president (1871–73) of the Third Republic. His historical works include a 10-volume Histoire de la révolution française...
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Edvard Beneš
president of Czechoslovakia
May 28, 1884 - September 3, 1948
Edvard Beneš was a statesman, foreign minister, and president, a founder of modern Czechoslovakia who forged its Western-oriented foreign policy between World Wars I and II but capitulated to Adolf Hitler’s...
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Kiran Desai
Indian-American author
September 3, 1971 -
Kiran Desai is an Indian-born American author whose second novel, The Inheritance of Loss (2006), became an international best seller and won the 2006 Booker Prize. Kiran Desai—daughter of the novelist...
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Joseph Wright
English painter
September 3, 1734 - August 29, 1797
Joseph Wright was an English painter who was a pioneer in the artistic treatment of industrial subjects. He was also the best European painter of artificial light of his day. Wright was trained as a portrait...
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Morton Feldman
American composer
January 12, 1926 - September 3, 1987
Morton Feldman was an American avant-garde composer associated with John Cage. Feldman studied composition with Wallingford Riegger and Stefan Wolpe. In the 1950s, much more influenced by Abstract Expressionist...
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Eugène de Beauharnais
French soldier and viceroy
September 3, 1781 - February 21, 1824
Eugène de Beauharnais was a soldier, prince of the French First Empire, and viceroy of Italy for Napoleon I, who was his stepfather (from 1796) and adoptive father (from 1806). His father, the general...
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Matthew Boulton
British engineer and manufacturer
September 3, 1728 - August 17, 1809
Matthew Boulton was an English manufacturer and engineer who financed and introduced James Watt’s steam engine. After managing his father’s hardware business, in 1762 Boulton built the Soho manufactory...
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Marie-Thérèse-Louise de Savoie-Carignan, princesse de Lamballe
Italian-French courtier
September 8, 1749 - September 3, 1792
Marie-Thérèse-Louise de Savoie-Carignan, princesse de Lamballe was an intimate companion of Queen Marie-Antoinette of France. She was murdered by a crowd during the French Revolution for her alleged participation...
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Harry Partch
American composer
June 24, 1901 - September 3, 1974
Harry Partch was a visionary and eclectic composer and instrument builder, largely self-taught, whose compositions are remarkable for the complexity of their scores (each instrument has its own characteristic...
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Mary Parker Follett
American sociologist
September 3, 1868 - December 18, 1933
Mary Parker Follett was an American author and sociologist who was a pioneer in the study of interpersonal relations and personnel management. Follett in 1888 entered the Society for the Collegiate Instruction...
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Jean Jaurès
French politician
September 3, 1859 - July 31, 1914
Jean Jaurès was a French socialist leader, cofounder of the newspaper L’Humanité, and member of the French Chamber of Deputies (1885–89, 1893–98, and 1902–14); he achieved the unification of several factions...
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John Ashbery
American poet
July 28, 1927 - September 3, 2017
John Ashbery was an American poet noted for the elegance, originality, and obscurity of his poetry. Ashbery graduated from Harvard University in 1949 and received a master’s degree from Columbia University...
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Louis MacNeice
British poet
September 12, 1907 - September 3, 1963
Louis MacNeice was a British poet and playwright, a member, with W.H. Auden, C. Day-Lewis, and Stephen Spender, of a group whose low-keyed, unpoetic, socially committed, and topical verse was the “new...
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Jo Jones
American musician
October 7, 1911 - September 3, 1985
Jo Jones was an American musician, one of the most influential of all jazz drummers, noted for his swing, dynamic subtlety, and finesse. Jones grew up in Alabama, studied music for 12 years, and became...
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Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
British statesman
September 3, 1724 - November 10, 1808
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester was a soldier-statesman who, as governor of Quebec before and during the American Revolutionary War, succeeded in reconciling the British and French and in repulsing...
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Noyori Ryōji
Japanese chemist
September 3, 1938 -
Noyori Ryōji is a Japanese chemist who, with K. Barry Sharpless and William S. Knowles, won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2001 for developing the first chiral catalysts. Noyori earned a Ph.D. from Kyōto...
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John Humphrey Noyes
American religious leader
September 3, 1811 - April 13, 1886
John Humphrey Noyes was the founder of the Oneida Community, the most successful of the utopian socialist communities in the United States. The son of a well-to-do New England businessman, Noyes graduated...
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Loren Eiseley
American anthropologist
September 3, 1907 - July 9, 1977
Loren Eiseley was an American anthropologist, educator, and author who wrote about anthropology for the lay person in an eloquent, poetic style. Eiseley was educated at the University of Nebraska (B.A.,...
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Pavlik Morozov
Russian communist youth
November 14, 1918 - September 3, 1932
Pavlik Morozov was a Russian communist youth who was glorified as a martyr by the Soviet regime. The son of poor peasants, Morozov was the leader of the Young Pioneers’ group at his village school and...
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Charles Hamilton Houston
American lawyer and educator
September 3, 1895 - April 22, 1950
Charles Hamilton Houston was an American lawyer and educator instrumental in laying the legal groundwork that led to U.S. Supreme Court rulings outlawing racial segregation in public schools. Houston graduated...
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Sarah Orne Jewett
American writer
September 3, 1849 - June 24, 1909
Sarah Orne Jewett was an American writer of regional fiction that centers on life in Maine. Jewett was often taken by her physician father on visits to the fishermen and farmers of her native Maine, and...
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Carl David Anderson
American physicist
September 3, 1905 - January 11, 1991
Carl David Anderson was an American physicist who, with Victor Francis Hess of Austria, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1936 for his discovery of the positron, or positive electron, the first known...
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James Joseph Sylvester
English mathematician
September 3, 1814 - March 15, 1897
James Joseph Sylvester was a British mathematician who, with Arthur Cayley, was a cofounder of invariant theory, the study of properties that are unchanged (invariant) under some transformation, such as...
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Alec Waugh
English writer
July 8, 1898 - September 3, 1981
Alec Waugh was an English popular novelist and travel writer, older brother of the writer Evelyn Waugh. Waugh was educated at Sherborne, from which he was expelled, and the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst....
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Benjamin Latrobe
American architect
May 1, 1764 - September 3, 1820
Benjamin Latrobe was a British-born architect and civil engineer who established architecture as a profession in the United States. Latrobe was the most original proponent of the Greek Revival style in...
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Rensis Likert
American social scientist
August 5, 1903 - September 3, 1981
Rensis Likert was an American social scientist who developed scales for attitude measurement and introduced the concept of participative management. After studying economics and sociology at the University...
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Robert Greene
English writer
July 1558? - September 3, 1592
Robert Greene was one of the most popular English prose writers of the later 16th century and Shakespeare’s most successful predecessor in blank-verse romantic comedy. He was also one of the first professional...
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Sir Macfarlane Burnet
Australian physician
September 3, 1899 - August 31, 1985
Sir Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian physician, immunologist, and virologist who, with Sir Peter Medawar, was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of acquired immunological...
